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1. 需求vs现状

1.1 需求

要求做一个ERP后台辅助管理的程序,有以下几项基本要求:

1. 基本的增删改查功能

2. 基于对象的权限控制(如:系统用户分为平台运营人员和商家用户,商家用户小A只能查看编辑所属商家记录,而管理员可以纵览全局)

3. 数据库记录导入导出(xsl, json等),并且拥有对象级的权限控制(如:小A不能导出小B公司的信息,更不能导入小B公司信息进行更新和新增)

1.2 现状

实现需求1:Django-admin让我们能够很方便的实现一个管理后台程序。django-xadmin则在拥有admin基本功能的基础上增加了更为丰富的功能、界面也更加漂亮。类似还有django-suit等,本文使用xadmin(功能更丰富);

实现需求2:django-admin,以及xadmin都只有基于model级的权限控制机制,需要自己扩展或者使用开源解决方案,如django-guardian,django-rules,本文结合django-rules实现了该功能;

实现需求3:xadmin虽然自带导出功能,但是导入功能没有实现,django自带后台结合django-import-export可以很容易实现,但是xadmin并不直接兼容,只有通过xadmin的插件机制实现。

2. 功能实现

本节主要展示对象级权限功能实现。django工程、xadmin替换原生admin的设置,请参照官方文档。

2.1 安装并配置rules

pip安装:pip install django-rules

配置settings.py

# settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
  # ...
  'rules',
)
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
  'rules.permissions.ObjectPermissionBackend',
  'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',
)

2.2 建立model

新增CompanyUser模型表示商家账户(即对django自带user模块进行扩展,使每个账号绑定自己的公司码),新增Customer模型表示商家的客户信息并包含公司码字段,商家账号只能查看、编辑、导入、导出公司码一致的商家客户信息

# model.py
class CompanyUser(models.Model):
  user = models.OneToOneField(User, verbose_name='用户名')
  is_taixiang_admin = models.BooleanField('是否运营人员', default=False)
  company_code = models.CharField('公司码', max_length=20, blank=True, default='')

  def __unicode__(self):
    return '%s' % self.user

  class Meta:
    verbose_name = '导入账号'
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

class Customer(models.Model):
  name = models.CharField('客户姓名', max_length=50)
  phone = models.CharField('客户电话', max_length=12)
  type_choice = ((1, '普通'), (2, '批发'), (3, 'VIP'))
  creator = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, verbose_name='创建人', blank=True, null=True)
  company_code = models.CharField('公司码', max_length=20, blank=True, null=True)

  def __unicode__(self):
    return '%s-%s-%s' % (self.company_code, self.name, self.phone1)

  class Meta:
    permissions = (
      ("simulate_import_customer", "允许模拟导入客户"),
      ("import_customer", "允许导入客户至商家系统"),
            )
    verbose_name = "客户"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

2.2 使用rule

在model统计目录新增rules.py,配置该app相关的对象权限

引用rules

# rules.py
# On Python 2, you must also add the following to the top of your rules.py file, or you'll get import errors trying to import django-rules itself
from __future__ import absolute_import

import rules

# 使用修饰符@rules.predicate自定义predicates(判断),返回True表示有权限,False表示无权限

# Predicates

@rules.predicate
def is_colleague(user, entry):
  if not entry or not hasattr(user, 'companyuser'):
    return False
  return entry.company_code == user.companyuser.company_code


@rules.predicate
def is_taixiang_admin(user):
  if not hasattr(user, 'companyuser'):
    return False
  return user.companyuser.is_taixiang_admin

# predicates间可以进行运算
is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin = is_colleague | is_taixiang_admin | rules.is_superuser

# 设置Rules

rules.add_rule('can_view_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
rules.add_rule('can_delete_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
rules.add_perm('can_change_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)

# 设置Permissions

rules.add_perm('data_import.view_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
rules.add_perm('data_import.delete_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
rules.add_perm('data_import.add_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
rules.add_perm('data_import.change_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)

2.3 admin.py以及adminx.py设置

如果使用原生的django-admin,admin.py做如下设置:

# admin.py
from __future__ import absolute_import

from django.contrib import admin
from rules.contrib.admin import ObjectPermissionsModelAdmin
from .models import Customer

# ModelAdmin class继承ObjectPermissionsModelAdmin即可
class CustomerAdmin(ObjectPermissionsModelAdmin):
  pass

admin.site.register(Customer, CustomerAdmin)

使用xadmin,由于ObjectPermissionsModelAdmin无法直接使用,故参照源码重写has_change_permission和has_delete_permission方法即可。

注意:必须引用rules文件,权限规则才会生效,对于xadmin,添加

from .rules import *即可

# adminx.py
class CustomerAdmin(object):
  def has_change_permission(self, obj=None):
    codename = get_permission_codename('change', self.opts)
    return self.user.has_perm('%s.%s' % (self.app_label, codename), obj)

  def has_delete_permission(self, obj=None):
    codename = get_permission_codename('delete', self.opts)
    return self.user.has_perm('%s.%s' % (self.app_label, codename), obj)

  # 重写queryset()或者get_list_display(),list view的权限也做到了对象级隔离
  def queryset(self):
    qs = super(CustomerAdmin, self).queryset()
    if self.request.user.is_superuser or is_taixiang_admin(self.request.user):
      return qs
    try:
      return qs.filter(company_code=self.request.user.companyuser.company_code)
    except AttributeError:
      return None

class CompanyUserAdmin(object):
  pass

xadmin.sites.site.register(Customer, CustomerAdmin)
xadmin.sites.site.register(CompanyUser, CompanyUserAdmin)

2.4 效果展示

CompanyUser设置:

Django-xadmin+rule对象级权限的实现方式

商家账号只有所属公司信息权限

Django-xadmin+rule对象级权限的实现方式

运营人员拥有所有记录权限

Django-xadmin+rule对象级权限的实现方式

补充知识:django 扩展自带权限,使其支持对象权限

扩展django 自带权限

说明

在不重写 自带权限的基础上,完成支持对象权限,适用于小型项目。

欢迎提出修改意见

软件支持

jsonfield

数据库

新建3个表

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser, Group ,User
 
from jsonfield import JSONField
 
class Request(models.Model):
  request = models.CharField(max_length=16, verbose_name='请求类型(大写)')
 
  class Meta:
    db_table = "request"
    verbose_name = "请求类型"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
  def __str__(self):
    return self.request
 
class RolePermission(models.Model):
  role = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='角色组')
  table = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='表名字')
  request = models.ManyToManyField(Request, verbose_name='请求', related_name='re', )
  permission = JSONField(max_length=1024, verbose_name='权限条件')
 
  class Meta:
    db_table = "role_permission"
    verbose_name = "角色组权限"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
  def __str__(self):
    return self.role
 
class Role(models.Model):
  group = models.ForeignKey(Group, verbose_name='用户组', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
  roles = models.ManyToManyField(RolePermission, verbose_name='角色组权限', blank=True,related_name='roles' )
 
  class Meta:
    db_table = "role"
    verbose_name = "角色组关系"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
  def __str__(self):
    return self.group.name
system/models
Role         角色组关系  : 系统用户组 <--> 角色组权限
Request       请求类型   : GET ,POST
RolePermission   角色组权限  : 角色 表名字 请求 权限条件(JSON类型)

重点为 RolePermission 表。

例子

以常见的资产 asset 为例

表名字 asset 字段 groups (分组 为 dev,ops)
权限划分
新建用户 hequan
新建组 dev

在Request 表 添加

GET (代表只读)
POST (代表更新 删除)

在RolePermission 添加

角色 asset-dev只读
表名字assset
请求 GET
权限条件 {"groups":'dev'}

在Role 表中 添加

系统用户组 dev
角色组权限 asset-dev只读

权限验证代码

import json
from system.models import Role
from functools import wraps
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
 
def role_permission_get_list(function):
  """
  列表页面 控制权限
  :param function:
  :return:
  """
 
  @wraps(function)
  def wrapped(self):
    user = self.request.user
    groups = [x['name'] for x in self.request.user.groups.values()]
    request_type = self.request.method
    model = str(self.model._meta).split(".")[1]
 
    filter_dict = {}
    not_list = ['page', 'order_by', 'csrfmiddlewaretoken']
    for k, v in dict(self.request.GET).items():
      if [i for i in v if i != ''] and (k not in not_list):
        if '__in' in k:
          filter_dict[k] = v
        else:
          filter_dict[k] = v[0]
 
    if not user.is_superuser:
      role_groups = Role.objects.filter(group__name__in=groups).values_list('roles__table',
                                         'roles__request__request',
                                         'roles__permission')
 
      permission_dict = {}
      for i in role_groups:
        if i[0] == model and i[1] == request_type:
          permission_dict = json.loads(i[2])
 
      if permission_dict:
        if filter_dict:
          for k, v in permission_dict.items():
            if '__in' in k:
              k1 = k.replace('__in', '')
            if '__gt' in k:
              k1 = k.replace('__gt', '')
            if '__lt' in k:
              k1 = k.replace('__lt', '')
            else:
              k1 = k
            if k1 in list(filter_dict.keys()):
              del filter_dict[k1]
 
          if filter_dict:
            filter_dict.update(**permission_dict)
          else:
            print('查询条件处理后为空,默认权限')
            filter_dict = permission_dict
        else:
          print('查询条件为空,默认权限')
          filter_dict = permission_dict
      else:
        print('没有权限')
        filter_dict = {'id': -1}
 
    self.filter_dict = filter_dict
    result = function(self)
    return result
 
  return wrapped
 
def role_permission_detail(function):
  """
  详情页面 控制权限
  :param function:
  :return:
  """
 
  @wraps(function)
  def wrapped(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    user = self.request.user
 
    if not user.is_superuser:
      groups = [x['name'] for x in self.request.user.groups.values()]
      request_type = self.request.method
      model = str(self.model._meta).split(".")[1]
      pk = self.kwargs.get(self.pk_url_kwarg, None)
 
      role_groups = Role.objects.filter(group__name__in=groups).values_list('roles__table',
                                         'roles__request__request',
                                         'roles__permission')
 
      permission_dict = {}
      for i in role_groups:
        if i[0] == model and i[1] == request_type:
          permission_dict = json.loads(i[2])
 
      permission_dict['id'] = pk
      obj = self.model.objects.filter(**permission_dict).count()
      if not obj:
        return HttpResponse(status=403)
 
    result = function(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
    return result
 
  return wrapped
 
def role_permission_update_delete(function):
  """
  详情页面 控制权限
  :param function:
  :return:
  """
 
  @wraps(function)
  def wrapped(self, request):
    user = self.request.user
    if not user.is_superuser:
 
      groups = [x['name'] for x in self.request.user.groups.values()]
      request_type = self.request.method
      model = str(self.model._meta).split(".")[1]
      pk = self.request.POST.get('nid', None)
 
      role_groups = Role.objects.filter(group__name__in=groups).values_list('roles__table',
                                         'roles__request__request',
                                         'roles__permission')
 
      permission_dict = {}
      for i in role_groups:
        if i[0] == model and i[1] == request_type:
          permission_dict = json.loads(i[2])
 
      permission_dict['id'] = pk
      obj = self.model.objects.filter(**permission_dict).count()
      if not obj:
        ret = {'status': None, 'error': "没有权限,拒绝", 'msg': 'Without permission, rejected'}
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
 
    result = function(self, request)
    return result
 
  return wrapped

CBV 例子

省略部分代码

class AssetListAll(LoginRequiredMixin, ListView):
  model = Ecs
 
  @role_permission_get_list
  def get_queryset(self):
    filter_dict = self.filter_dict
    self.queryset = self.model.objects.filter(**filter_dict)
    return self.queryset
class AssetChange(LoginRequiredMixin, UpdateView):
  model = Ecs
 
  @role_permission_detail
  def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
 
  @role_permission_update_delete
  def form_valid(self, form):
    self.object = form.save()
    return super().form_valid(form)
class AssetDetail(LoginRequiredMixin, DetailView):
  model = Ecs
 
  @role_permission_detail
  def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
class AssetDel(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
  model = Ecs
 
  @role_permission_update_delete
  def post(self, request):
    pass

以上这篇Django-xadmin+rule对象级权限的实现方式就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持。

标签:
Django,xadmin,rule,对象级权限

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